Is the brain Analog or digital??!!!!!!

“It’s as if everyone thought communication in the brain was like a telegraph, but actually it turned out to be more similar to a telephone,”

David McCormick

Depression

البكاء شعور اجتماعي يتضمن في أساسه إيصال معنى طلب العون ممن حولك لأنه تعبير بالوجه الذي يرجع البعض انحسار الشعر عنه خلافا للحيوانات الأخري لغرض التواصل بتعابير الوجه.البكاء وغيره سلوكيات تدافع بها نفس الإنسان عما يهاجمها 

الإكتئاب فشل في الدفاع قد يصل إلى فشل وظيفي عام

Depression is a failed defensive response that may become a more generalized failure

Locus Coeruleus

knowledge as a software

Two main forms of information..

knowledge: rearranging previous information units

Feeling: introduction of new units

Knowledge is the software of the feeling(the hardware).

Locus-coeroleus

LIFE

The desire to be ALIVE is very unexplainable..at least to me

Locus coeroleus

Hippocampus..a further place in processing

"unlike other senses, space is not analyzed by a specialized sensory organ"

"Unlike vision, touch or smell, which are pre-wired and based on Kantian a priori knowledge, the spatial maps presents us with a new type of presentation, one based on a combination of a priori knowledge and learning. The general capability for forming spatal maps is built into mind but the particular map is not. Unlike neurons in a sensory system , place cells are not switched on by sensory stimulation. Their collective activity represents the location where the animal thinks he is"

Eric R. Kandel from " In Search Of Memory"

Creativity..an ordinary routine in the nervous system

Cambridge definition of "Creative" is "producing or using original and unusual ideas",but actually while the definition denotes that creation is an unusual act the nervous system propably tells something little different.With a closer look to the way the nervous system formulate a behavioral output one can realy become persuaded that maybe every single behavior whatever it is may includes a considerable part of creation within it, actually with a broader philosophical view one can consider that behavior is equal to creativity.
Back with the story to its beginning. The single major difference between animals generaly and plants is the ability of the animal to respond to external stimulus by inducing a change(a behavior) in the environment of a benefit to it.This is the mere function of the nervous system "to make a change for the sake of a better outcome".
Man is for sure included in this generic view, and actually the human nervous system has specialized broadening the domain of the available changes. In a place just behind the forehead some part of the brain called the prefrontal cortex, this part of the brain is responsible for preparing for the behavioral output of man.This part of the brain do its amazing job in a way that ensures that every single previous experience is abstracted from its context and reformulated in a new context suitable to be produced by the behaving person.
This very amazing process occurs while the artist draws his portrait, during a brain storming session held by some quantum physicists and during a novel writer imagination of some new novel, but in fact..this also occurs while one walks along the street, while a mother prepares dinner for her children and even when a boy kicks a small rusty cola can in the street.
Actually with some few scientifc exceptions it can be said that "Creation is the default status of human behavioral output"..we may become astonished by the creativity in thinking about the relativity theory or that of the Sydne's opera house, this great creation really influenced our daily living, but also even if theoreticaly and not consciously the little boy kicking the empty cola may have some creation in this simple behavior. 
The nervous system does such magic "creation" according to its estimation to the facing problem and according to the "trainable" ability to abstract from the previous experience and reformulate it in a unique new way that can be termed creative by Cambrdige or any other dictionary. The more influencing the idea is and the more of a benefit to the person who originally thought about it the more it is termed creative..people who think in more beneficial or novel issues usually develops ideas termed creative by other people.Maybe the best creative output Einstein's brain made was not the relativity theory and it may be some motion that prevented him from a very dangerous fall or a rapid car in the street, but such creative thought was not of a benefit except for him in contrast to the relativity theory we all benefited from.
Every single person with a normal functioning nervous system is cabable of producing unique thoughts, ideas and acts but this depends upon what things he considers his facing problems and how he is acustomed to deal with it in the light of previous experience, his thoughts will be unique because of his unique preious experience and it is of some benefit determined by its novelty and value to the people in his culture.

Representation Vs determination

لا ترجح شيئا طالما لا يوجد ضرورة للإختيار..نصيحة من الفص الأيمن للمخ

Do not have a choice where it is not required to choose..live the representational amazement..where everything is possible.

locus-coeroleus

Determination is an assumption..but it is a vital one.

التحديد مجرد افتراض إلا إنه ضروري

محشي
Locus-coeroleus

Clever people and Faith

Al-jazeera
DAily Telegraph

The previous link is about an article linking between increment in cleverness and decrease in faith and beleiving in Allah SWT.

This is how I see this particualr issue.
-------------------------------------------
Wetern components of the human intellect are,1)a mind, which is the logic machine and 2)a heart which is a box of emotions.
both components in modern culture are separate from each other and interactions between both is considered as some sort error from the one who exerts such interaction, an example for such errors is applying emotions in the logic stream.

Actually I see this structure imperfect and sometimes leads to conflicts and examples for such conflicts are abundant and the previous link is considered as one of those.I have no clues for such imperfectness except observation of the humanbeing, that suggestes that both components must interact together at all levels and that the components definitions is not that accurate:

Evidence suggesting the essentiality of the link between the components:
1)If it is only a matter of logic then the following should not happen:
   a)All people must be on one religion or even without religion..because every religion says that it is the true one, then one only must be true or non of them..and by using the logic machine on this dilemma only one answer will be true and then all people will follow it..and this practically never happened.
   b)By the same principle, there should not be laeft and right, communism and capitalism etc. as only one is more right and the other is less right, but what we see is that followers of one side says that the other side is (LOGICALLY wrong and they lack the proper thinking) i.e they do not have a well logic machine.
2)Neurobiology:
The central nervous system can be defined as the system that mediates the achievment of internal needs(internal environment) according to the external environment.
The sensation is the external input to the system and the behavior is the output, the behavioral output is shaped to achieve the needs according to the available realtime input (sensation) and previous input (experience and memory).In humanbeings; thinking is a member in the behavioral output system and hence it must be shaped by the needs at all levels, restricting such interaction to the basic levels only is a naive approach to the understanding of behavior and nervous system in general(but this is the case in modern culture).An example for such interaction on a very high level of thinking is the "morals and ethics", walking nude in the street is not logically wrong, treating the old people and young people the same is not logically wrong, and on religious side; nonbelievers are do not accept the religion (logically as they beleive) because they refuse the concept of being slaves(what is called "Keber").
Definiton probelm of the components:
In modern neuroscience the concept of the mind as a separate entity or as an organ does not exist and there is no localization for such concept in the brain, instead it is considered as function that is being maintained by the nervous system. Mind is not an organ, mind is a function. Being a function requires that the concept of mind being withdrawn from its separate isolation from other components i.e cancels the "logic machine" concept, as every single step by this machine must be working in harmony with the other divisions of the nervous system processing.
the interaction of the mind side with the emotional side, together with neurobilogical perspective, the heart and emotions can be seen as a real director to one's behavior, if we consider the human intellect as a mathematical vector, the heart will be the angle(direction) it and the mind will be the amplitude of this vector.

All this requires a reformulation to the intellect componets and structure other than the modern one.The modern structure reflects what do we like to see ourselves and not what we really are, this is a famous frequent mistake in modern history.I really consider the Islamic perspective to this issue "the Qura'anic intellect structure".

To be continued..

حنفي...مفيش حنفي

الغريزة...وحش يعاني من ضعف الشخصية

الوعي

الوعي هو الإحساس- أيا كان هو- منسوبا إلى الغريزة

Pure reason is a disease!!

"But Damasio sought out patients who had suffered brain injuries that prevented them from perceiving their own feelings, and put this idea to the test. The lives of these patients quickly fell apart, he found, because they could not make effective decisions. Some made terrible investments and ended up bankrupt; most just spent hours deliberating over irrelevant details, such as where to eat lunch. These results suggest that proper thinking requires feeling. Pure reason is a disease."

Hearts & Minds by Jonah Lehrer

جمع وافراد البصر والسمع بالقرآن الكريم

هذا هو الملخص لأول ورقة علمية لي
أسأل الله تعالى أن ينفع بها الإسلام والمسلمين والناس أجمعين

الملخص:

"لا يأتي السمع على صيغة الجمع على الإطلاق, بينما يأتي البصر مفردا أو جمعا عل حسب الموصوف به كان فردا أم جمعا" هذا ما سوف تلاحظه عند تتبعك لآيات القرآن الكريم التي يذكر فيها الحواس. لا أحد يعرف إذا ما كانت الناس كلها تشعر بصورة واحدة أم لا, فكل واحد منا مثلا يستقبل الألوان الأساسية كل لون بشكل مختلف عن الألوان الأخرى ولكن هل كلنا نرى هذه الألوان بنفس الطريقة؟ الحقيقة الواردة بالقرآن الكريم من إفراد السمع دائما على عكس البصر الذي قد يأتي مفردا أو مجموعا يجعلنا نستنتج أن السمع واحد لدى الناس كلها وأن البصر يختلف من فرد لآخر بدليل جمعه عند الحديث عن جماعه وإفراده عندما يكون الحديث عن فرد واحد.

عند مقارنة الجهاز البصري مع الجهاز السمعي يتضح فارق أساسي أولي بينهما (بغض النظر عن فارق حجم المعلومات المنقولة من كل جهاز) وهو أن الجهاز البصري ليس مجرد أداة تحليل للموجات الضوئية بل الأصح وصفه بأنه أداة تحليل للمكان أو الفضاء المحيط بالكائن عن طريق تحليل الموجات الضوئية. على العكس السمع لا يقوم بأكثر من تحليل الأمواج الصوتية من حيث التردد والشدة, قد يقوم الجهاز السمعي بتوفير بعض المعلومات عن المكان ولكن يتم هذا بصورة حسابية تقديرية وليست أساسية استقبالية كالجهاز البصري.

نلاحظ شيء مدهش(على حد وصف أحد مراجع العلوم العصبية البصرية) مع التقدم أكثر في مراحل معالجة البيانات بالجهاز العصبي حتى نصل إلي منطقة القشرة الجدارية (والمسئولة عن الإحساس بالمكان والتحول الحسي الحركي لتوليد سلوك الكائن الحركي في البيئة المحيطة به) هذا الشيء هو أن كل المعلومات الواردة عن المكان أو الفضاء المحيط من البصر أو السمع يتم معاجلتها بحيث يتم التعامل معها فقط من خلال خريطة للمكان مركزها العين, بل والأكثر أن هذه المعلومات تعدل بحسب حركة العين. ومن الجانب الآخر فإن الجهاز الحركي لا يستقبل المعلومات إلا من خريطة مماثلة للمكان ترتكز على العين. هذا يفيد بأن الكائن أو الفرد لا يتعامل مع المكان أو الفضاء المحيط به إلا من خلال التصور البصري للمكان بغض النظر عن الحاسة التي ساقت المعلومات عن المكان.

الشيء الآخر الذي يكمل الصورة هو أن تمثيل المكان في القشرة الجدارية ليس تمثيلا هندسيا مجردا بمعيار ثابت لا يتغير ولكن ما يحدث هو أن الجهاز العصبي يبني تمثيل المكان أو الفضاء المحيط منسوبا إلي الكائن أو الفرد المستقبل لهذا الفضاء أو المكان ويكون المعيار الذي يتم رسم المكان به هو معيار خاص بالكائن المستقبل يتم تحديده وفقا لقدراته الحركية وإمكاناته الحسية فلذلك هو مختلف من فرد لآخر بل هو (كما يفترض صاحب البحث) يتغير بالنسبة للفرد الواحد وفقا لتغير الإمكانات الحركية له من صغره لكبره ولذلك يرى البعض الأماكن أصغر مما كانت عليه في صغره.

إذن الحاصل أن الكائن أو الفرد يتعامل مع الفضاء المحيط به من خلال التصميم والتخطيط البصري لهذا الفضاء حتى بغض النظر عن مصدر المعلومات الواردة عن المكان سمعية كانت أم بصرية , وأن هذا التصميم أو التمثيل للفضاء المحيط ليس تمثيلا مجردا ذو معايير ثابتة بل يتغير تبعا للإمكانات الحركية والحسية للكائن كما تذكر بعض الأبحاث.

تناسب هذه المكتشفات العصبية العرض القرآني للسمع والبصر من حيث عمومية أو خصوصية هذه الأحاسيس مما يلفت النظر إلي أنه قد يكون الوضع الذي عليه كلا من السمع والبصر هو الحكمة من وراء عرضهم هذا العرض ولكن لا ينبغي أخذ هذا على أكثر من الافتراض لأن ما نعلم عن الجهاز العصبي أقل مما لا نعلمه, وأن هذا البحث وإن قدم سببا لجمع وإفراد البصر فالصورة لم تكتمل بعد إذ ينبغي تقديم أسباب أيضا لضرورة إفراد السمع غير مجرد نفي وجود سبب خصوصية البصر عن السمع, ولكن رغم كل هذا فهي خطوة لمحاولة فهم هذه الحقائق القرآنية.

إن صح الافتراض المساق هنا فقد يوفر سبيلا جديدا لبداية محاولات جديدة لحل مشكلة الوعي والخبرة الفردية للإحساس التي سبق الحديث عنها في أول هذا الملخص.

"On the motor output side, different motor actions
similarly require the representation of target location in different
reference frames according to the natural coordinates
of the moving muscles. The surprising finding that several
movement planning areas in the PPC represent space in an
eye-centered coordinate frame independent of the sensory
input and motor output may provide a unifying scheme
for multimodal sensory integration and the development of
high-level movement plans.
In area LIP, it was recently established that cells were
involved in the planning of eye movements, regardless of
whether the eye movements were triggered by a visual or an
auditory stimulus (Grunewald et al., 1999; Linden et al.,
1999; Mazzoni et al., 1996b). In further experiments directly
addressing the question of the underlying reference frame,
it was found that the majority of neurons coded auditory
targets, similar to visual targets, in eye-centered coordinates,
and with many response fields of LIP neurons gainmodulated
by eye position (Stricanne et al., 1996). These
findings suggest that LIP is involved in the sensory integration
of visual and auditory signals and that many LIP
neurons are encoding these signals in eye-centered coordinates."

Extracted from "The visual neurosciences"

This means that "the field" -as a perceptual concept and as a motor domain- is integrated by the visual system not only because it is the most generous with information about it but also because other sensations deals the field through the visual mapping.

Another thing is that "The sensorimotor Transformation" is performed at the posterior parietal association cortex recieving its sensory input from the visual system.

These notions assures more the perspective that everyone has his individual Vision that its information is privately to him(the relation to the motor output), in contrast to the Auditory system which is primarily function as an analyzer of a physical property(the air vibrations) and not related primarily to field perception and even the indirect calculations done by it, is feeded to the visual map.

Audition & the Where stream

Location cues are not contained in the receptor
cells like on the retina in vision, and hence the location for sounds must be calculated.
The sense of location is therefore different from Auditory sensation than that from Vision sensation, as in the vision one it is inherent in contrast to the Auditory which is calculated.

This adds more to the postulation that multiplicity of vision is from sense of location

Owl's Hearing

"The activity pattern of the neurons matched the location of the sound, the team found. Sounds from above, for example, cause neurons towards the top of the auditory centre to fire, whereas sounds from lower down trigger neurons towards the bottom. "The owls basically have a topographic map of space in their brain," says Bala."
Natue.com News : Owls' ears map the world

The Owl has a topographic map to the external environment by means of the auditory sensation.
The architecture of the auditory cortex as the researchers find is arranged topographically, in contrast to our auditory cortex which is arranged according to sound frequency.


This piece of information favors the postulation that in humans hearing is single( as the auditory cortex is a representation of the audible frequencies) and vision is multiple(as the visual cortex is a topographic representation of the environment and so everyone sees different from the other).
Just as the Qura'n verse says:
" It is he who brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers when ye knew nothing and he gave you hearing and sight and intelligence and affections: that ye may give thanks (to God)."
[16.78] Surat Al-Nahl "The Bees"
وَاللّهُ أَخْرَجَكُم مِّن بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئاً وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْسَّمْعَ وَالأَبْصَارَ وَالأَفْئِدَةَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ [النحل : 78]

Real/sensation Uncoupling

Real/Sensation Uncoupling:
Real is not a changeable thing, it is presented in different conditions invariably the same.
Sensation does not follow the previous rule, sensation changes with the changes in the medium of perception.
Sensation has the previous property because it abstracts something from the facts that exist in the real item to make it the link between the organism and the real.
The fact abstracted may not be solely related to the real item, and so it may happens that some conflicting arises as a result of mixing between the fact that comes from the real item & other facts from other items.
The example of this is the color perception & color production of a certain colored thing.
Color perception of something changes with the illumination (the medium of perception), while the fact that certain substance absorbs an electromagnetic wave with a certain wavelength & reflects the other waves is a constant non changing aspect with change in the medium of perception of color.

Real And Not Real:
What is real and what is sensation?
There is no doubt that basic sensations (vision sensations, hearing etc.) are classified as sensations.
We consider the field that we percept these sensations in is the real which can be called collectively Space & Time (space here does not mean the empty field but means the matter & the filed that matter lies in it as well).
This consideration can be considered true if we suppose that there are only two levels, a sensation level and a real level.
If space & time are not changeable and does not change at different conditions and mediums, we should categorize them as Real.
This could be stated before the advent of Einstien's relativity.
The velocity of a moving thing can affects its space & its time as what Einstien states.
As velocity increases the Time passes more slowly until it stops at the speed of the light, also the mass increases along velocity increase until it becomes infinite at the speed of the light.
At the color perception example, the color of an item was the perception and illumination was the medium that the color perception changes with its change.
By comparing this with time and space, we can consider that (time and space) is the perception and motion velocity is the medium, with a change in the medium (velocity), we get a change in perception (space & time), and the whole picture is a state of sensation.
The only difference between both cases is that at the basic sensation (color) we had a real (space & time), but while considering (space & time) as a form of sensation, we do know a Real to Understand this Sensation upon.


Resetting Points:
According to the previous formulation,
1) There are more than a level of sensation (at least two), the basic one which is what we terms traditionally sensation, and the second one is the (space & time) which is a level higher than the basic sensation.
2) The definitive real and what it beyond space and time can not be detected or identified, but what is really defined is its existence.
3) While considering the basic sensation, the higher sensation (space & time) is considered as its real but thr descreption is relative, and the rules based upon (space and time) are only applied to the level lower than it i.e basic sensation.
4) While considering the higher sensation (time & space), there is not a known real, and as a consequence, (Time and space) is a representation of something higher that is not possible to be known due to the biological limitations.
5) Sensation is not something fake or false ( because it is a certain representation of a fact in the real item) but also not the real in the same time, so they are symbolization of some facts.
6) Because sensation is symbolization of a fact( and so (space and time), The (logic and reason) which is the result of (space and time) rules, is not canceled by considering the (space and time) a sensation, but this localizes it at a certain domain and makes its unversality a false consideration.
7) As a consequence the result of logic here does not cancel itself (it is nonsense to provide logic proof that logic is not true).

IS IT???????????????????????????????

How can I deduce by using my color experience that color is not a basic entity in matter?

Is it by changing the basic ground illumination, and so the colors things will change and so these colors are not a pioneer entity in the colored object?

Is it by putting two colors above each other to produce a third one not the two of them?

SO,

How can I deduce by time & place experience that they are not the basic entity in orientables?

Is it by relativity? Does relativity persuades it?

By changing basic motion time & space dilates and contracts.

Is this a similar case of colors?

If time/space is a perception, then yes it is.

Is time/space is the feeling of the sensation.

When I changed illumination I changed the reflected waves from the colored object and didn't change the object or its properties.

When I changed motion I changed the perception of time/space not the (object that time/space) is its perceptible aspect.

Colors are not the real.

Will time/space be so?

If yes, then reason(the son of time & space) is not real too.

If yes, then this may be the first prove for the existence of RELIGION & META-PHYSICS.

Colors are not faking.. but simply not the real

Will time/space(and reason as a consequence) be not faking but not real.

And so the logic above does not collapse by assuming that logic is not real because logic is not faking one.

الشروط العصبية

ملحوظة:هذه المدونة ليست للسرد العلمي للعلوم العصبية ولكنها خواطر علمية لصاحبها وذلك لعدم اللبس أو التضليل

الشروط العصبية التي يفرضها طبيعة الجهاز العصبي كنظام بيولوجي:

1)الشعور بالإحساس:وهو جوهر الوعي
تعريفي للوعي : هو الشعور بالإحساس لا الإحساس نفسه
وهذا التعريف يختلف عما يفكر به معظم المهتمون بالوعي من الناحية العصبية والسيكولوجية أو الفلسفية,
فهم يدرسون الوعي عن طريق كيفية تحويل الطول الموجي لشعاع كهرومغناطيسي إلى لون ما محسوس, وهذا في فلسفتي الخاصة ليس في موضوع الوعي ذاته ولكن في موضوع فلسفة الجهاز العصبي نفسه لا خاصية الوعي بذاتها.
محتوى الأحاسيس كاللون مثلا لا علاقة له أساسية ضرورية بحالة الوعي بل جل ما هو ضروري من جهاز الإبصار هو وجوده وقيامه بوظيفته, بل إن كنا دقيقين فحتى جهاز الإبصار ليس ضروري فالأعمى له وعي والأطرش له وعي, إذن المسألة ليست متعلقة بإحساس بذاته بل بعموم الإحساس..وهو ما أعنيه بتعريف الوعي:الشعور بالإحساس لا الإحساس نفسه ومحتواه.

والشعور بالإحساس عندي يعبر عن نفسه بشيئين كبيرين وهما
1)المكان 2) الزمان
فالشعور بالإحساس هو الشعور بالمكان والزمان وهما يعبران عن شيء واحد لا اصطلاح له في ثقافاتنا ولكن عموما نستطيع أن نعتبر أن المكان هو تحليل أفقي للمعلومات والزمان هو تحليل رأسي.
ويرتكز كل ما يسمى بقواعد العقل والمنطق على هذين المبدأين-أي المكان والزمان-فأي شيء يخالف مبدأ من مبادئ المكان "ككون الكل أصغر من الجزء" أو الزمان "ككون النتيجة قبل السبب" تصنف غير منطقية وغير عقلية.


2)الإنغلاق(التحوصل, الإنحباس) داخل كل من:
1)انواع الإحساس:كالأمواج الكهرومغناطيسية أي الإبصار
2)الحدود الفيزيائية للإحساس: 2-4 أنجستروم للأطوال الموجية الممكن رؤيتها
3)حدود الشعور بالإحساس -أي المكان والزمان

لا يستطيع أي نظام عصبي أن يخرج عن تلك الحدود
عند خارج حدود الأول:لا يستقبل أصلا كالشعور بأي خاصية فيزيائية غير التي نشعر بها كالكهرباء "لا يوجد شعور خاص لها"
عند خارج حدود الثاني: يقال عنه غير مدرك كالأشعة تحت الحمراء فهي خارج الطول الموجي الممكن استقباله
عند خارج حدود الثالث: يقال عنه غير منطقي ويخالف العقل وذلك كالجن والملائكة (مخالفة قاعدة مكانية) وكون النيجة قد تؤثر على السبب كما في فيزياء الكم مثلا(مخالفة قعدة زمانية:الترتيب)



لوكاس سيرولياس

The single audition

Sensory systems are inputing systems, but with a broader view that allow us to develop from each sensory system (namely the auditory & visual systems) an input/output system we might observe different sides of the story.

The Auditory:
Outputting: will be largely from voice and to a little extent from gestures from hands or whatever.
this input/output acoustical system is very useful in communication as we can easily observe.
This enables one to be effectively affecting the outside(people for example) from the inside(inner thoughts)


The visual:
outputting: how to define a visual output??!

to be continued "in shaa' Allah ta'ala"